INTRODUCTION

In this year of Term 2 Year 2, students of BSC202B are required to write a report based on subject Designing For Usability 2 (203CR) in Key Assignment 1. In this Key Assignment 1, students need to write a report in 2000 words to evaluate the usability. Each of students had given a choice to conduct the task based on pervasive computing. There are many types of pervasive computing in the world that can be used. Students should choose only one of the types of pervasive computing. The topic that had chosen for this assignment is Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. Students must have to prepare some questionnaire to the users answer the question. The purpose of questionnaire are to know how far users can understand about the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. Besides that, students want to know more details about the importance of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. Students should have brave to face with other during give the questionnaire to respondents. Moreover, students also may get some experiences after complete this task. This assignment also give students to imagine of the way the Car Park Machine have been created.

EXAMPLE OF DEVICE

Student had chosen the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh as the pervasive computing. It is because the Car Park Machine is most suitable to make research regarding the topic that had given which is pervasive computing. Besides, the AEON Kinta City is near from the student’s house. So, the student can make it easily to make research about car park machine at there.

Car park payment machines can teach user about usability. Car park payment machines provide an everyday example of poor usability. It teach user that technology should not drive design, that less important tasks should not dominate that user interface and that usability is more than visual design. Besides, it also teach user that usability is more than visual design. Moreover, car park payment machines teach us that usability does not always matter in design which are the best user interface is no interface and that usability is a differentiator only when customers have a choice.

Car park payment machines pose an interesting design challenge. First, designing a machine that people can use first time, without training, is no easy task. Second, people have no consistent user interface pattern. For example, researcher have visit five different car parks and researcher have found five different user interfaces. Lastly, there is little in the way of help which is there is no attendant to whom researcher can turn.

Figure 1: The display of interface design of car park machine.

USABILITY EVALUATION APPROACH

There are generally three types of usability evaluation methods which are testing, inspection, and inquiry.

In Usability Testing approach, representative users work on typical tasks using the system (or the prototype) and the evaluators use the results to see how the user interface supports the users to do their tasks. Testing methods include the coaching method, co-discovery learning, performance measurement, question-asking protocol, remote testing, retrospective testing, shadowing method, teaching method and thinking aloud protocol.

In Usability Inspection approach, usability specialists and sometimes software developers, users and other professionals that examine usability-related aspects of a user interface. Commonly used Inspection methods are cognitive walkthroughs, feature inspection, heuristic evaluation, pluralistic walkthrough and perspective-based inspection.

In Usability Inquiry approach, usability evaluators obtain information about users' likes, dislikes, needs, and understanding of the system by talking to them, observing them using the system in real work (not for the purpose of usability testing), or letting them answer questions verbally or in written form. Inquiry methods include field observation, focus groups, interviews, logging actual use, proactive field study and questionnaires.

In order to answer the questionnaire Usability Evaluation of a Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh, the respondents are specifying for 30 respondents to answer the questionnaire to getting the data collection.

Based on that, the gender, age, occupation and status have been created to know the information of respondents in Section A as a demographic section. To answer the questionnaire, specified users are required because to determine the average based on the gender, age, occupation and status. However, it is important to distribute the questionnaire where the user are specified because the answer of questionnaire.

Besides that, other part in questionnaire is Section B which is the questionnaire is to analysis the average of respondents answer the question about features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. Based on questionnaire that distribute, the questionnaire are that were state such as understanding the way for user to use the car park machine, about car park machine are safe for user to use, how to press the button to issue a ticket and many more questionnaire. It actually have 13 questionnaire that respondents need to answer.

On the next part is about Section C to identify the rate of features Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. The questionnaire have been created as much as 8 question to answer by respondents. The respondents are required to make the evaluation based on the questionnaire. The evaluation that have in the questionnaire are strongly not agree, not agree, medium, agree and strongly agree. So, respondents should give their rate on the questionnaire given. For example, the more button, the more confuse for user use the car park machine, the different button have different colors and the car park machine have details instructions.

The method that is used on this assignment is usability inquiry approach where usability evaluators obtain information about users' likes, dislikes, needs, and understanding of the system by talking to them, observing them using the system in real work or letting them answer questions verbally or in written form. It can prove by the questionnaire methods.

METHODOLOGY

According on the note Designing for Usability 2 were given, the quantitative data collection methods is to rely on the random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experience into predetermined response categories, such as age, occupation or employment, status and et cetera. Based on that, it will produce results that are easy to summarize, compare and generalize.

Besides that, the quantitative data collection methodology has use to make a research about Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh by distribute sample survey of questionnaire to people who have familiar with car park machine. In this assignment, Option 1 using Paper-pencil-questionnaires where it can be distribute to a large number of respondents and it can saves the researcher time and money. Questionnaires are printed forms that ask the same questionnaire of all individuals in the sample and watch the respondents to answer the entire question. All the questionnaire are distribute around 20 – 25 questionnaire to identify and collect the data about the specifications and features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. Most of the users who are answer the questionnaire are tested with a few students from Kolej Poly-Tech Mara, Ipoh. In this situation, observation have made where the students are place in the room and answer the question. In addition, the machine also is test together, in order to observe whether the students able to answer the question based on the machine and without has constructor to help them.

In the questionnaire are dividing to three section such as Section A is for Demographic Section, Section B is to analysis the features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh and Section C is to identify the rate of features about Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. In Demographic Section where to evaluate which gender, age, occupation and status who answering the questionnaire. In this section, it is important to know the majority of gender, age, occupation and status are familiar using the car park machine. Meanwhile, Section B are the important part where to analysis the average of respondents answer the question about features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. Based from this section, the data will be collect and analysis it. Furthermore, Section C is to identify the rate of features Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh to know what attribute of respondents will look up when use the car park machine.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

For this section, by referring the Don Norman’s Usability guidelines consists visibility when come out with Usability Evaluation of a Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. Based on device that is study, Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh includes almost all the parts that visible for user. According the observations that have be made to the respondents, users are able to state the function of device by looking without use the function. On the other hand, the features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh such as button, interface design, instructions and other features are allow to users to give feedback between the system and function to users. Meanwhile, before do the questionnaire, the respondents going through the machines first without asking the constructors. In addition, it shows that the products have visibility for users to give feedback it.

However, a good mappings also use as a guidelines to study about the respondents on how to determine the relationship between actions and results. Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh has good mapping arrange the button consistently. Besides that, based on guideline referring, it also produce feedback for respondents and machines on Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh in where the respondents parking the car in the car park, the machines gives feedback efficiently without having long period to made it done.

DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS

In this analysis, it divided by three sections. On part 1, it consists of Section A (Demographic Section) where important to evaluate which gender, age, occupation and status who answering the questionnaire. Besides, at part 2 is to analysis the Section B where shows the average of respondents answer the question about features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. For the part 3 which is Section C to identify the rate of features Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh.

SECTION A: (Demographic Section)

Table 1: The result of gender

Gender	Number of respondents
Male	14
Female	16
Total	30

Figure 1: This graph bar shows Demographic Section in gender

This graph bar has shown that the rate of gender between female and male. In addition, female are answer the questionnaire more than the male. From the observation, female give cooperation to answer this questionnaire rather than male. With 30 respondents, 16 respondents are female and the rest 14 respondents are male.

Table 2: The result of age

Age	Number of respondents
17 - 20	2
21 - 30	22
31 - 40	5
41 above	1
Total	30

Figure 2: This graph bar shows average age in Demographic Section

This graph bar shown the rate of age of each respondents who answering the questionnaire of Usability Evaluation of a Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. As the graph bar shown age over 21 – 30 years old are highest which is 22 respondents answer the questions more than others. The second highest are 31 – 40 years old, 5 respondents are answer it. 2 respondents who are age of 17 – 20 years old are third place and the rest of age are 41 years old above.

Table 3: The result of occupation

Occupation	Number of respondents
Student	18
Sales	3
Worker	7
Other	2
Total	30

Figure 3: This graph bar shows Demographic Section in occupation

This graph bar has shown that the rate of occupation in student, sales, worker and other. In research, 18 respondents who are students was answering the questionnaire more than the sales, workers and others. Workers have 7 respondents that answer the questionnaire. The rest of respondents who are others and sales answer the questionnaire only 3 and 2 respondents.

Table 4: The result of status

Status	Number of respondents
Nationality	30
Non-nationality	-
Total	30

Figure 4: This graph bar shows average status in Demographic Section

This graph bar shown the rate of status who answering the questionnaire of Usability Evaluation of a Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. As the graph bar shown all of respondents are nationality status. That means, most of customers who are using the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh are nationality. The respondents are 30 nationality.

SECTION B: This part is to analysis rate of respondents to identify the features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh.

Figure 5: The result of Question 1

Table 5: The result of Question 1

Result	Do the car parking machines easy for you to use?
Yes	25
No	5
Total	30

The graph bar shown the Question 1 result about the car park easy for users to use or not. So, the respondents who are agree with the question are 25 and who are not agree only 5 respondents. The cark park at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. The result made students understand that the car park at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh is easy to use.

Figure 6: The result of Question 2

Table 6: The result of Question 2

Result	Do you understand the way to use the car park machine?
Yes	28
No	2
Total	30

As the graph bar shown, Question 2 is about understanding the way for user to use the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. 28 respondents are agree with the question that understand the way to use the car park machine. But, the rest 2 respondents are not agree with the question. It is because the users was familiar with the car park machine.

Figure 7: The result of Question 3

Table 7: The result of Question 3

Result	Are you satisfied with the car parking machines used?
Yes	23
No	7
Total	30

The graph bar shown the Question 3 result about the users satisfied when using the car park machine. 23 respondents are agree with the service from Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, 7 respondents are not agree with that because they feel car park machine is difficult to use. The result made student feel most of users is okay with car park machine that they already use.

Figure 8: The result of Question 4

Table 8: The result of Question 4

Result	Do the car parking machines are safe for you to use?
Yes	27
No	3
Total	30

As the graph bar shown, Question 4 is about car park machine are safe for user to use. 27 respondents are agree with the question which is the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh safe for users to use. But, the rest 3 respondents are not agree with the question. It is because the users thinks the car park are dangerous when a little bit users use at midnight.

Figure 9: The result of Question 5

Table 9: The result of Question 5

Result	Do you think that the design of car park machine is easy to understand?
Yes	21
No	9
Total	30

The graph bar shown the Question 5 result about the design of car park machine is easy to understand. 21 respondents are agree with the design of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh is easy to understand. But, 9 respondents are not agree with that because they thinks the design of car park machine is difficult to understand. The result made student feel most of users understand with the car park machine that they already use.

Figure 10: The result of Question 6

Table 10: The result of Question 6

Result	Do you know the placement of button to click the ticket?
Yes	26
No	4
Total	30

As the graph bar shown, Question 6 is about the placement of button to click the ticket. 26 respondents are known to click the ticket where by place of button at Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, the rest 4 respondents are not agree with the question. It is because the users confuse the placement of button to click the ticket at car park machine.

Figure 11: The result of Question 7

Table 11: The result of Question 7

Result	Do you know how to press the button to issue a ticket?
Yes	23
No	7
Total	30

The graph bar shown the Question 7 result about to press the button to issue a ticket. 23 respondents are agree with the question which is users know how to press the button to issue a ticket of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, 7 respondents are not agree with that question because they do not know where to press the button to issue a ticket of car park machine. The result made student feel most of users know where the button to issue a ticket.

Figure 12: The result of Question 8

Table 12: The result of Question 8

Result	Do you understand the instructions for use the car park machine?
Yes	23
No	7
Total	30

As the graph bar shown, Question 8 is about the instructions for use the car park machine. 23 respondents are understand the instructions for use the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, the rest of 7 respondents are not agree with the question. It is because the users confuse the instruction of car park machine.

Figure 13: The result of Question 9

Table 13: The result of Question 9

Result	Do the coin can insert into the car park machine?
Yes	12
No	18
Total	30

The graph bar shown the Question 9 result about the coin can insert into the car park machine. 12 respondents are agree with the question which is the coin can insert into the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, 18 respondents are not agree with that question because they do know the coin cannot insert into the car park machine. The result made student feel only half of users know the coin cannot insert at the car park machine.

Figure 14: The result of Question 10

Table 14: The result of Question 10

Result	Can you know how to take the ticket?
Yes	26
No	4
Total	30

As the graph bar shown, Question 10 is about the knowledge for take the ticket from car park machine. 26 respondents are know the way take a ticket at Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, the rest of 4 respondents are not know to take a ticket. It is because the users confuse with the placement to issue a ticket and insert a coin of car park machine.

Figure 15: The result of Question 11

Table 15: The result of Question 11

Result	Do you understand interface of this machine?
Yes	14
No	16
Total	30

The graph bar shown the Question 11 result about the interface of car park machine. 14 respondents are agree with the question which is they was understanding the interface of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, 16 respondents are not understand with the interface of car park machine because they confuse with the interface of car park machine. The result made student feel that most of users are not interest with the design of car park machine.

Figure 16: The result of Question 12

Table 16: The result of Question 12

Result	Do you can make different about the button?
Yes	20
No	10
Total	30

As the graph bar shown, Question 12 is about the different of button at car park machine. 20 respondents can make different about the button at Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, the rest of 10 respondents are not know to make different of button. It is because the users confuse with the buttons of car park machine.

Figure 17: The result of Question 13

Table 17: The result of Question 13

Result	Do you know where the ticket out?
Yes	28
No	2
Total	30

The graph bar shown the Question 13 result about the ticket out. 28 respondents are agree with the question which is they know the place of ticket out at Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. But, 2 respondents are not know where the ticket out at car park machine because they confuse with the p placement to issue a ticket at car park machine. The result made student feel that most of users are know where the ticket out.

SECTION C: This part shows the average of respondents answer the question about features of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh.

Figure 17: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 17: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	The car park machine easy for you to find the correct button.
Strongly not agree	1
Not agree	3
Medium	8
Agree	13
Strongly agree	5
Total	30

Based on the graph shown, 1 respondent Strongly not agree with statement about car park easy to user find the correct button. 3 respondents Not agree with that. For Medium rate have 8 respondents, but the most of 13 respondents are Agree to find the correct button and only 5 respondents are Strongly agree about the statement given.

Figure 18: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 18: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	The more button, the more confuse for you.
Strongly not agree	1
Not agree	3
Medium	9
Agree	7
Strongly agree	10
Total	30

As the graph shows, majority respondents choose Strongly agree if more button, the more confuse they are to use car park machine. 7 respondents are Agree with statement. For Medium rate, 9 respondents choose it. 3 respondents are Not agree with the statement and only 1 respondent Strongly not agree if more button, more confuse for user use it.

Figure 19: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 19: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	The different button have the different colors.
Strongly not agree	0
Not agree	3
Medium	16
Agree	8
Strongly agree	3
Total	30

Based on the graph shown, not have respondent Strongly not agree with statement about the different button have different colors. But, 3 respondents Not agree with that. For Medium rate have more respondents choose it which are 16 respondents. 8 respondents are Agree with statement given and only 3 respondents are Strongly agree about the statement.

Figure 20: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 20: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	The car park machine have details instructions.
Strongly not agree	3
Not agree	3
Medium	9
Agree	13
Strongly agree	2
Total	30

As the graph shows, majority 13 respondents choose Agree if the car park machine have details instructions. 9 respondents are choose Medium rate by the statement. For Strongly not agree and Not agree have got the same rate which are as much as 3 respondents choose it. On the other side, 2 respondents are choose Strongly agree with the statement that the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh have details instructions.

Figure 21: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 21: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	You can know how to insert the ticket for pay the parking.
Strongly not agree	1
Not agree	0
Medium	6
Agree	12
Strongly agree	11
Total	30

Based on the graph shown, only 1 respondent choose Strongly not agree with statement about the way to insert the ticket for pay the parking. But, no have respondent Not agree with that. For Medium rate have 6 respondents choose it. Majority 12 respondents are Agree with statement given and 11 respondents are Strongly agree about the statement.

Figure 22: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 22: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	The car park machine can insert coin and notes to pay the parking.
Strongly not agree	6
Not agree	3
Medium	9
Agree	6
Strongly agree	6
Total	30

As the graph shows, majority 9 respondents choose Medium rate if the car park machine can insert coin and notes to pay the parking. The result of Strongly not agree, Agree and Strongly agree got the same rate which are 6 respondents choose it. But, only 3 respondents choose Not agree with the statement that the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh can insert coin and notes to pay the parking.

Figure 23: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 23: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	You take a long time to wait the feedback from the car park machine.
Strongly not agree	2
Not agree	5
Medium	9
Agree	10
Strongly agree	4
Total	30

Based on the graph shown, only 2 respondents choose Strongly not agree with statement about the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh have taken a long time to wait the feedback from the car park machine. But, have 5 respondents Not agree with that. For Medium rate have 9 respondents choose it. Majority 10 respondents are Agree with statement given and 4 respondents are Strongly agree about the statement.

Figure 24: The graph show the rate of respondents

Table 24: The result of the rate of respondents

Result	You feel satisfied with the function of car park machine.
Strongly not agree	1
Not agree	5
Medium	10
Agree	8
Strongly agree	6
Total	30

As the graph shows, majority 10 respondents choose Medium rate if they feel satisfied with the function of Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh. The result of Agree got the 8 respondents which is choose it. But, have 6 respondents choose Strongly Agree with the statement given and 5 respondents choose Not agree with statement that they feel satisfied with the function of the Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh.

REFERENCES

· Travis, D. (2014) USERFOCUS [online] available from <http://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/car-park-payment-machines.html> [1 April 2015]

· Nielsen, J. (1995) 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design [online] available from <http://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/> [3 April 2015]

· Hom, J. (n.d.) Usability Evaluation [online] available from <http://www.usabilityhome.com/> [5 April 2015]

REFLECTION WRITTEN

From the Assignment 1 that already done, I have got many knowledge about Car Park Machine at AEON Kinta City, Ipoh based on the pervasive computing in the environment. Most of users who are used the Car Park Machine had experienced which is they had knew the way to use it. I have got the details information when I have already made research with the questionnaire. Besides that, I think this report also made me study many techniques to write a report based on the pervasive computing in the environment. So, after finish the report I can give the good explanation related with this topic to others because I have understand with it.

EXPERIENCES AND FINDINGS

The experience that I have already got from this assignment is I can learn the way to face with other by the high level to give the questionnaire from the research that I have already done. The Car Park Machine is one of the pervasive computing that I choose to make the assignment. It is because I want to know more details about it.

I went to the AEON Kinta City, Ipoh to make the research about Car Park Machine. Then, I give the questionnaire to the user who are using that pervasive computing. After that, I have finished my assignment day by day until complete.

Designing for Usability 2 (203CR)

Tuesday, 16 June 2015

KEY ASSIGNMENT 1 : A USABILITY EVALUATION